Description
Vaccines offer long-term or permanent immunity against diseases. They have been a cornerstone of preventive medicine for over 70 years, stimulating an immune response to specific diseases. The widespread adoption of effective vaccines has led to the near-elimination of many deadly diseases, making vaccination one of the greatest public health achievements of the 20th century.
Thanks to public vaccination programs, vaccine-preventable diseases and related deaths are now rare in developed nations and decreasing globally. Smallpox has been eradicated, polio eliminated in the Americas, and diseases like measles, rubella, tetanus, diphtheria, and Haemophilus influenzae type b controlled. Beyond preventing illness and death, vaccines also improve quality of life and productivity. They help prevent disease outbreaks and reduce healthcare costs, providing significant societal benefits.
Kalorama Information’s latest report, The World Market for Vaccines, 2024, offers the most up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of adult and pediatric preventative vaccines. Since the early 2000s, Kalorama has consistently published new editions of The World Market for Vaccines every two years. The report includes market forecasts, company market share data, and expert market estimates for different vaccine categories.
The World Market for Vaccines, 2024 also examines market trends for human vaccines used to prevent various diseases. It specifically focuses on both commercialized vaccines and developmental vaccines for diseases that are already vaccine-preventable. Additionally, the report discusses selected emerging vaccines in development.
Vaccines covered in the report with sizing and market share include:
- Combinations (tetanus, pertussis, Hib, Hepatitis, polio)
- Hepatitis
- HPV
- Influenza
- Meningitis
- Pandemic vaccines/COVID-19
- Pneumococcal
- Rotavirus
- RSV
- Shingles
- Others (travel, endemic, etc.)
The report also examines key companies involved in the market. Companies profiled in the report include:
- AstraZeneca
- Bavarian Nordic, A/S
- Bharat Biotech International Ltd.
- Bio Farma
- BioNTech SE
- CSL Limited/Seqirus
- Dynavax Technologies
- Emergent BioSolutions, Inc.
- GlaxoSmithKline, Inc.
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- Johnson & Johnson/Crucell/Janssen
- Merck & Co, Inc.
- Moderna, Inc
- Novavax, Inc.
- Pfizer, Inc.
- Sanofi Pasteur
- Serum Institute, Inc.
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd.
- Soligenix, Inc.
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd.
- Valneva SE
Scope and Methodology
The World Market for Vaccines, 2024 examines the market for human vaccines used to prevent various types of disease. It focuses on commercialized vaccines and developmental vaccines for diseases that are already vaccine-preventable, with a discussion of selected emerging vaccines. It also covers the COVID-19 vaccine market landscape and estimated market opportunity during the forecast period. This report does not include therapeutic vaccines such as allergy and cancer vaccines.
Sales estimates for each market segment represent global revenues and are expressed in current dollars. Estimates are provided for the 2023 year and forecasts are provided for 2028. Information for this report was gathered from a wide variety of published sources including company reports and filings, government documents, legal filings, trade journals, newspapers and business press, analysts’ reports and other sources. Interviews with company representatives and other experts were conducted to capture the perspectives from industry participants’ point of view and assess trends and form the basis of the forecasting and competitive analysis.
It should also be noted that due to the very broad scope of this report, with the exception of healthcare spending forecasts, data provided is representative but is not intended to be exhaustive. This includes, for example, tables of vaccines in development and regional economic indicators, etc. Additionally, some statistics, such as those related to venture capital investment, are subject to wide divergences across different sources; where data could not be confidently obtained, trends were discussed rather than absolute numerical values.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Executive Summary
The Global Vaccines Industry
Scope and Methodology
Market Estimates and Forecasts
- Figure 1-1: Global Vaccine Market (Non-COVID Vaccine Market; COVID Vaccine Market), 2023–2028 ($M)
- Figure 1-2: Regional Non-COVID vs COVID Vaccine Markets, 2018-2028 ($)
Competitive Analysis
Chapter 2: Introduction to Vaccines
Introduction
- Table 2-1: Global Reported Cases of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, 2000 vs. 2022
- Figure 2-1: CDC Infographic: Global Impact of Vaccines in Reducing Vaccine-Preventable Disease Morbidity and Mortality
A Brief History: The Development of Vaccines
The Human Immune System
Vaccine Mechanism of Action
Types of Vaccines
Attenuated (Weakened) Live Viruses
- Figure 2-2: Attenuated Virus Production
Killed (Inactivated) Viruses
Toxoid Vaccines
Genetically Engineered/Modified Vaccines
Subunit Vaccines
Conjugate Vaccines
DNA Vaccines
Messenger RNA Vaccines
Recombinant Vector Vaccines
Classification of Vaccines
Vaccine Approval Process
- Figure 2-3: Global Vaccine Sales by Region, 2023
FDA EUA Approval
World Health Organization Prequalified Vaccines
- Table 2-3: WHO Prequalified BCG Vaccines
- Table 2-4: WHO Prequalified Cholera Vaccines
- Table 2-5: WHO Prequalified Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccines
- Table 2-6: WHO Prequalified Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccines
- Table 2-7: WHO Prequalified Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis-Hemophilus influenzae type b Vaccines
- Table 2-8: WHO Prequalified Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Hepatitis B Vaccines
- Table 2-9: WHO Prequalified Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis-Hepatitis B-Hemophilus influenzae type b Vaccines
- Table 2-10: WHO Prequalified Hemophilus influenzae type b Vaccines
- Table 2-11: WHO Prequalified Hepatitis A Vaccines
- Table 2-12: WHO Prequalified Hepatitis B Vaccines
- Table 2-13: WHO Prequalified Human Papillomavirus Vaccines
- Table 2-14: WHO Prequalified Influenza Vaccines
- Table 2-15: WHO Prequalified Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines
- Table 2-16: WHO Prequalified Measles Vaccines
- Table 2-17: WHO Prequalified Measles and Rubella Vaccines
- Table 2-18: WHO Prequalified Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccines
- Table 2-19: WHO Prequalified Meningococcal A Vaccines
- Table 2-20: WHO Prequalified Pneumococcal Vaccines
- Table 2-21: WHO Prequalified Polio Vaccines
- Table 2-22: WHO Prequalified Rabies Vaccines
- Table 2-23: WHO Prequalified Rotavirus Vaccines
- Table 2-24: WHO Prequalified Rubella Vaccines
- Table 2-25: WHO Prequalified Tetanus Toxoid Vaccines
- Table 2-26: WHO Prequalified Typhoid Vaccines
- Table 2-27: WHO Prequalified Varicella Vaccine
- Table 2-28: WHO Prequalified Yellow Fever Vaccines
- Table 2-29: WHO Prequalified Other Vaccines
Pandemics
HIN1 Pandemic of 2009/2010
Coronavirus Pandemic
- Figure 2-4: Leading COVID-19 Vaccines: Supplied Dose Estimates
Ebola Epidemics
Manufacturing Incentives
Synthetic Vaccines
Artificial Intelligence Development
Chapter 3: Pediatric Preventative Vaccines
Introduction
- Table 3-1: Immunization Rates for Vaccines Recommended by the WHO, 2022
Childhood Immunization in the United States
Childhood Immunization Rates
Challenges to the Vaccine Delivery System
Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule
- Figure 3-1: CDC Recommended Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule for Ages 18 Years or Younger, United States, 2024
- Figure 3-2: CDC Recommended Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule by Medical Indication, United States, 2024
State Immunization Recommendations
- Figure 3-3: Exemptions Permitted for State Childcare and School (Grades PreK-12) Immunization Requirements, United States, March 2023
COVID-19 Vaccination Schedule
United Nations Initiatives
Pediatric Vaccine Markets
- Table 3-2: Global Market for Pediatric Preventive Vaccines, by Type (Hepatitis, Pediatric Routine [HiB, MMR, Combinations, Polio, Varicella], Meningitis, Pneumococcal Disease, Rotavirus, Influenza, HPV, Pandemic, Others), 2023–2028 ($M)
- Figure 3-4: Global Market for Pediatric Preventive Vaccines, by Type (Hepatitis, Pediatric Routine [HiB, MMR, Combinations, Polio, Varicella], Meningitis, Pneumococcal Disease, Rotavirus, Influenza, HPV, Pandemic, Others), 2023–2028 (%)
- Figure 3-5: Market Share of Pediatric Preventive Vaccines, by Type (Hepatitis, Pediatric Routine [HiB, MMR, Combinations, Polio, Varicella], Meningitis, Pneumococcal Disease, Rotavirus, Influenza, HPV, Pandemic, Others), 2023 (%)
Competitive Summary
- Table 3-3: Major Manufacturers’ Shares of the Global Pediatric Preventative Vaccine Market, by Leading Competitors (AstraZeneca, BioNTech, CSL, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Moderna, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur, Sinovac, Others), 2023 (%, $M)
- Figure 3-6: Global Pediatric Preventative Vaccines Market Share, by Leading Competitors (AstraZeneca, BioNTech, CSL, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Moderna, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur, Sinovac, Others), 2023, (%)
Chapter 4: Adult Preventative Vaccines
Introduction
Recommended Adult Immunizations
- Figure 4-1: CDC Recommended Immunization Schedule: Adults, 19 years and over
Global Influenza Surveillance Program
U.S. Surveillance
- Table: 4-1: U.S. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness, 2004–2023 (%)
- Figure 4-2: U.S. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness, by Season, 2009-2023, (%)
WHO International Health Regulations
Adult Preventive Vaccine Markets
- Table 4-2: Global Market for Adult Preventive Vaccines, by Type (Hepatitis, HPV, Influenza, Pneumococcal, Tetanus and combinations, Shingles, Pandemic, Travel & Other) 2023–2028 ($M)
- Figure 4-3: Global Market for Adult Preventive Vaccines, by Type (Hepatitis, HPV, Influenza, Pneumococcal, Tetanus and combinations, Shingles, Pandemic, Travel & Other), 2023–2028 (%)
- Figure 4-4: Market Share of Adult Preventive Vaccines, by Type (Hepatitis, HPV, Influenza, Pneumococcal, Tetanus and combinations, Shingles, Pandemic, Travel & Other) 2023 (%)
Market: Generating 26% of Total Adult Non-COVID Vaccine Sales
- Figure 4-5: U.S. Seasonal Influenza Vaccination, by Age Group and Season, 2010-2023 (%)
- Figure 4-6: U.S. Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Coverage and HP 2020 Target – Total Population – Seasons, 2010-2023 (%)
Influenza
- Figure 4-7: Estimated U.S. Flu Burden, by Season 2010-2023
- Table 4-3: Estimated Number of Influenza Illnesses Averted by Vaccination, by Age Group – United States, 2022-2023 Influenza Season
- Table 4-4: Estimated Number of Influenza Medical Visits Averted by Vaccination, by Age Group – United States, 2022-2023 Influenza Season
- Table 4-5: Estimated Number and Fraction of Influenza Hospitalizations Averted by Vaccination, by Age Group – United States, 2022-2023 Influenza Season
- Table 4-6: Estimated Number of Influenza Deaths Averted by Vaccination, by Age Group – United States, 2022-2023 Influenza Season
- Figure 4-8: Estimated U.S. Flu Burden Prevented by Vaccination (Deaths, Hospitalizations, Medical Visits, Symptomatic Illness), 2010-2023
- Table 4-7: WHO Pandemic Classification Schedule
Competitive Summary
- Table 4-8: Major Manufacturers’ Shares of the Global Adult Preventative Vaccine Market, by Company (AstraZeneca, BioNTech, CSL, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Moderna, Novavax, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur, Sinovac, Others), 2023 (%, $M)
- Figure 4-9: Global Adult Preventative Vaccines Market Share, by Leading Competitors (AstraZeneca, BioNTech, CSL, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Moderna, Novavax, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur, Sinovac, Others), 2023 (%)
Chapter 5: Total Vaccines Market
Trends Driving the Vaccines Market
- Figure 5-1: Sales Growth of Vaccines vs. Pharmaceuticals, 2015-2025
Market Size and Forecast
- Table 5-1: Total Global Market for Preventive Vaccines, by Type (Combinations [tetanus, pertussis, Hib, Hepatitis, polio], Hepatitis, HPV, Influenza, Meningitis, Pandemic vaccines/COVID-19, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus, RSV, Shingles, Others [travel, endemic, etc.]), 2023–2028 ($M)
- Figure 5-2: Total World Market for Vaccines, by Type (Combinations [tetanus, pertussis, Hib, Hepatitis, polio], Hepatitis, HPV, Influenza, Meningitis, Pandemic vaccines/COVID-19, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus, RSV, Shingles, Others [travel, endemic, etc.]),, 2023-2028 (Pediatric, Adult) (SM)
- Figure 5-3: Total World Vaccine Market, Non-COVID and COVID Vaccine, 2023-2028 ($M)
Pediatric Vaccines
Adult Vaccines
- Figure 5-4: Global Preventive Vaccine Market, by Broad Segment (Pediatric, Adult), Trend 2018–2028 ($M)
COVID-19 Market Size Estimates and Forecast
- Table 5-2: Global COVID-19 Vaccine Market Cumulative Value, 2020-2023 ($M)
- Figure 5-5: Global COVID-19 Vaccine by Unit Volume, Cumulative 2020-2023, Estimated Distribution by Country (Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, European Union, India, Japan, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, United States, Other Countries)
Vaccine Sales by Region
Rest of World
- Table 5-3: Total ROW Market for Preventive Vaccines, by Type (Combinations [tetanus, pertussis, Hib, Hepatitis, polio], Hepatitis, HPV, Influenza, Meningitis, Pandemic vaccines/COVID-19, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus, Shingles, Others [travel, endemic, etc.]), 2023–2028 ($M)
United States
- Table 5-4: Total U.S. Market for Preventive Vaccines, by Type (Combinations [tetanus, pertussis, Hib, Hepatitis, polio], Hepatitis, HPV, Influenza, Meningitis, Pandemic vaccines/COVID-19, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus, RSV, Shingles, Others [travel, endemic, etc.]), 2023–2028 ($M)
Europe
- Table 5-5: Total Europe Market for Preventive Vaccines, by Type (Combinations [tetanus, pertussis, Hib, Hepatitis, polio], Hepatitis, HPV, Influenza, Meningitis, Pandemic vaccines/COVID-19, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus, Shingles, Others [travel, endemic, etc.]), 2023–2028 ($M)
Vaccine Market Competitors
- Table 5-6: Major Manufacturers’ Shares of the Global Vaccine Market, by Leading Competitors (AstraZeneca, BioNTech, CSL, GlaxoSmithKline, J&J/Janssen, Merck, Moderna, Novavax, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur, Sinova, Other), 2023 (%, $M)
- Figure 5-6: Global Vaccines Market Share, by Leading Competitors (AstraZeneca, BioNTech, CSL, GlaxoSmithKline, J&J/Janssen, Merck, Moderna, Novavax, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur, Sinova, Other), 2023 (%)
Vaccine Industry News
Vaccines in Development
COVID-19 Vaccine Development
- Figure 5-7: Regional Distribution of COVID-19 Vaccine Development, by Country and Region (Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, Middle East, Philippines, Rest of Africa, Rest of Pacific, Rest of Europe, Rest of Latin America, South Africa, South Korea, United Kingdom, United States)
- Table 5-7: Selected Vaccines in Development, 2023
Chapter 6: Company Profiles
AstraZeneca
- Table 6-1: AstraZeneca Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Bavarian Nordic, A/S
- Table 6-2: Bavarian Nordic A/S Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Bharat Biotech International Ltd.
- Table 6-3: Bharat Biotech Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Bio Farma
- Table 6-4: Bio Farma Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
BioNTech SE
- Table 6-5: BioNTech Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
CSL Limited/Seqirus
- Table 6-6: CSL/Seqirus Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Dynavax Technologies
- Table 6-7: Dynavax Technologies Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Emergent BioSolutions, Inc.
- Table 6-8: Emergent BioSolutions Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
GlaxoSmithKline, Inc.
- Table 6-9: GlaxoSmithKline Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
- Table 6-10: GSK Marketed Vaccines, 2024
Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- Table 6-11: Inovio Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Johnson & Johnson/Crucell/Janssen
- Table 6-12: Johnson & Johnson Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Merck & Co, Inc.
- Table 6-13: Merck Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Moderna, Inc
- Table 6-14: Moderna Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Novavax, Inc.
- Table 6-15: Novavax Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Pfizer, Inc.
- Table 6-16: Pfizer Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Sanofi Pasteur
- Table 6-17: Sanofi Pasteur Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Serum Institute, Inc.
- Table 6-18: Serum Institute of India Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Sinovac Biotech Ltd.
- Table 6-19: Sinovac Biotech Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Soligenix, Inc.
- Table 6-20: Soligenix Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Takeda Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd.
- Table 6-21: Takeda Pharmaceutical Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
Valneva SE
- Table 6-22: Valneva Corporate Summary
Company Summary
Products
